Spermatogenesis in Freshwater Mussel Anodonta cygnea (L.): Environmental Impact on Seasonal Cycle
Journal Title: International Journal of Zoological Investigations - Year 2017, Vol 3, Issue 1
Abstract
This study describes the seasonal spermatogenesis cycle of the freshwater mussel Anodonta cygnea (Linnaeus 1758), collected from the natural habitat. The objective was to observe any morphological changes in the spermatocyte cell pattern occurred in the last years. A total of 48 individuals were collected monthly from October 2004 to September 2005 at Mira Lagoon, Aveiro, Portugal. Histological observation of A. cygnea indicated sex differentiation typical of accidental or abnormal hermaphroditism. The gonadal tissues were highly dispersed throughout the visceral mass where the white male tissue was less predominant than the orange female tissue. The development of the male spermatogonia cells commenced as primary and secondary spermocytes, followed by spermatids, and ended as spermatozoa. Spermatogenesis occurred throughout the entire year, although it was more evident during the summer, and spawning occurred in early September. During the winter, gonad recovery and reorganization were more evident than gametogenesis. This study can be used as an accessible and functional tool for future biomonitoring of the reproductive status of A. cygnea and thus useful for enhanced population control and maintenance.A comparative observation of bivalves living in controlled water systems during one complete year, showed that it is totally inadequate for gametas development, particularly for the spermatogenesis. Bivalve gills lack gametes and larvae when they live in tanks without lagoon mud. Thus, it is speculated that the absence of mud sulphides may function as determinant physiological element on the spermatogenesis.
Authors and Affiliations
Jorge Machado
Keywords
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