Study of Muḥaqqiq Isfahānī’s Viewpoint on Ownership, Right, and Decree
Journal Title: فقه و اصول - Year 2013, Vol 45, Issue 92
Abstract
The ownership that involves transactions and barters is subject to the validity of the intellectuals and the lawmaker, which is created by hypothetical (i‘tibārī) existence and can somehow be called a hypothetical relation for whose validity the existence of local convention is sufficient; therefore, ownership is neither among the categorical accidents, the existence of whose subjects is necessary in the outer world, nor like the mental conventions that resembles the concepts whose accidents and qualification are mental. Right (ḥaqq) is a specific capability that sometimes applies to physical goods (‘ayn), sometimes to the contract, and sometimes to the person; such as the right of delimitation (taḥjīr), the right of option (khiyār), and the right of retaliation (qiṣāṣ). The object of right is in all cases an action that involves the physical goods, or person, or contract; whereas, property is a possession or domination that in reality involves the very physical good, or benefit, or action. Therefore, since the property is essential for absolute domination and the right is regarded as a special credit in some specific appropriations, the right cannot be considered as the property itself; and, furthermore, since property is by nature a simple issue and non-gradational, the right cannot be considered as a degree of the property. Besides, in some rights, including the right of delimitation and the right of specification (ikhtiṣāṣ), ownership is essentially out of question. Given its specifications, right is principally conveyable, relinquishable, transferable to inheritance except in cases in which a specific reason prohibits all or a part of appropriations and everything that is in nature characterized by right is apt to relinquish, otherwise it is regarded as a decree, in which case it is not relinquished except by compliance with decree or denial of the subject. Since evidences for transactions stand as enforcement of legal means, if in cases of doubt, there is certainty about transferability and doubt in deterrence or conditionality is the specific cause, the generality of the evidence of condition or amicable settlement (ṣulḥ) would be executed; and if doubt is in the transferability itself, the principle is the non-acceptance of transference.
Authors and Affiliations
JalīL QanavāTī, MahshīD Ja‘Farī Harandī, Husain Javar
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP183827
- DOI 10.22067/fiqh.v0i0.13050
- Views 127
- Downloads 0
Analyzing the Viewpoint concerning the Sameness of Horizons
The lunar month begins with sighting of the new moon. The renowned majority of the jurists regard the sighting of the moon in the horizon of the observer, and some others in any horizon, as a sign of the beginning of the...
Legal-Judicial Study of the Verdict on Multiple Crimes resulting from a Single Strike
In case multiple crimes are caused by a single strike, there are three different beliefs concerning the ruling on this issue. The renowned majority of jurists have deemed as necessary the payment of blood money (diya) by...
A Research on the Criterion for Investigation about the Justice of the Anonymous
One of the most important legal issues debated among the jurists is whether it is necessary or unnecessary to investigate the justice of the anonymous and to what extent. The renowned majority of the jurists maintain tha...
A Different Research on the Traditions of Istiṣḥāb with the Approach to Reviving the Rule of Certitude
The rule of certitude has been brought up as one of the five pivotal principles of jurisprudence, which in itself includes several principles such as istṣḥāb (presumed continuity), but over time it has been dissociated....
A comparative study of the primary rule for doubt from the viewpoint of Mohaghegh Nāīnī and Shahīd Sadr
When in doubt over duty and the absence of reason, it is the time for adhering to practical principle; but, there is disagreement among principalists as to what is the rimary rule in times of doubt. Some scholars includi...