Study of the Cases of Blunt Trauma Abdomen Either Isolated or In Combination with Other Associated Injuries by Different Causes Attended Admitted To Department of Surgery in a Tertiary Centre.
Journal Title: International Journal of Medical Science and Innovative Research (IJMSIR) - Year 2018, Vol 3, Issue 11
Abstract
Background: Trauma has been defined as damage to the body caused by an exchange with environmental energy that is beyond the body resilience (William Hadden)1. Thorax and abdomen are subjected to every type of injury taking in to account the anatomy, the abdomen is the most susceptible to trauma on the anterior surface between ribs and pelvis and on lateral surface (Gupta RS et al, 1962)2. Aristotle is credited as being the first to record visceral injury from blunt abdominal trauma (Vance 1923 as quoted by Griswold and Collin)3. Trauma remains the most common cause of death for individual between aged 1 and 44 years and the third most common cause of death regardless of age (Sauaia A et al, 1995)4. Objectives: 1. To evaluate the incidence and clinical presentation of blunt abdominal trauma . 2. To enumerate the different causal factors for blunt trauma abdomen in our hospital setup. 3. To evaluate mode of proper management for abdominal blunt trauma. Place and Duration: Patients admitted in various surgical wards of Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi having blunt abdominal trauma were included in our study. The study was conducted during the period from November 2015 to November 2017. Materials and methods: The present study has been carried out in the department of surgery, at Rajendra Institute of medical Sciences, Ranchi.Observation have been made on 170 patients admitted in department of surgery, RIMS Ranchi, sustaining blunt abdominal trauma during the period from November 2015 to November 2017. There were 170 patients fulfilling Inclusion criteria with blunt abdominal trauma between 4 to 63 years of age including both sexes .Data of All the patients were collected from a specially designed Performa pertaining to patient's particulars,clinical,examinations,investigations, diagnosis and surgical procedures.it is then subjected to statistical analysis .All the surgical procedures & medical management and investigations were conducted under direct guidance and supervision of our Guide. Before start of our study, a written/informed consent was obtained in local vernacular in each patient. Results: out of 170 patients suffering from abdominal injuries, 44% patients belonged to blunt trauma, while 56% of patients were of penetrating injuries. the maximum incidence of blunt abdominal trauma found in the age group 21-30 years. The youngest patient was of 4 years and the oldest was 63 years. that 88% cases were male and 12% cases were of female showing with a male:female ratio of 7:1.The most common cause of blunt abdominal trauma was road traffic accident comprising 58% of patients, blow and impact by blunt object accounted for 16%, fall from height 14%, industrial accident 9% and sports injury 3%. 65% of cases of blunt abdominal trauma is an isolated injury while in 35% of cases it is associated with other organ injury. That out of 74 cases of blunt trauma injuries, 50 cases (68%) were caused by various types of accident while 24 cases (32%) were caused by assault.-Out of 74 cases, 35 (47%) cases were treated conservatively while 39 patients (53%) were treated by operative procedure. Conclusion: Incidence of blunt abdominal trauma is increasing due to increase in civil violence, road traffic accident, industrial accident, terrorist activities etc. Road traffic accident accounts for maximum number of cases. Mortality can be reduced if early diagnosis and subsequently resuscitation followed by definitive treatment. Any delay in operation on deserving patients of the blunt abdominal trauma imposes an increasing danger to the life of patients.
Authors and Affiliations
Dr Asim Augustine Minj
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