Sulphur compounds in sport; Glutathione
Journal Title: Medycyna Sportowa - Year 2010, Vol 26, Issue 5
Abstract
Glutathione is one of the most important compounds containing sulfur; its concentration varies from 1 mM to 10 mM, depending on the type of tissue. It exists in two forms: reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) whose ratio determines the redox status of the cell. Changes in GSH/GSSG ratio influence the metabolic status of the cell and determine the course of such processes as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) generation, transduction of signals and gene expression, inhibition of apoptosis, immunoregulation, detoxication, neurotransmission, energy synthesis and others. The main location of glutathione synthesis is the liver which provides approximately 90% of glutathione present in blood. Other tissues also contain the complete set of glutathione synthesis enzymes and participate in the synthesis or resynthesis of glutathione according to the needs of the organism. Changes in the level of glutathione in response to physical exercise depend on the initial status and on the exercise stress test used. Glutathione itself cannot be used in performance enhancement in sports because it is hydrolyzed in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, precursors of glutathione synthesis such as glutamyl-cystine, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, S-adenosyl-L-methionine and 2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate acid or compounds influencing the transport of cysteine as well as compounds reducing GSSG, such as α-lipoic acid are used. The increase in glutathione concentration is associated with enhancement of pro-oxidative, immunological and hematological response of the organism, which can influence sports achievements. The aim of this paper is to present the current knowledge concerning biochemistry and functions of glutathione and the potential profits, which can be gained by athletes using compounds increasing its concentration in cells.
Authors and Affiliations
Agnieszka Zembroń-Łacny, Anna Kasperska, Michał Gajewski, Kazimierz Szyszka
Keywords
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