Temporomandibular dysfunction in patients with skeletal defects receiving complex orthodontic and surgical treatment. Analysis of the problem based on the literature
Journal Title: Forum Ortodontyczne - Year 2017, Vol 13, Issue 3
Abstract
A temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) is defined as a multifactorial disorder of the motor system of the masticatory organ, taking into account various symptoms associated with temporomandibular joints and related structures. Similarly to disorders of the facial skeleton, TMD have a multifactorial aetiology and they are related. <b>Aim.</b> Analysis of a problem of TMD in orthodontic patients with skeletal defects being prepared for surgical treatment, conducted based on the literature. <b>Material and methods.</b> Using electronic databases such as PubMed and ScienceDirect a literature review was performed with key words. 54 papers written in English in the period 1992–2016 were included. <b>Results.</b> It is difficult to assess the incidence of TMD among patients with gnathic defects – results analysed show significant variability. The incidence of TMD symptoms in a group of patients with gnathic defects is high, and special attention of a multidisciplinary team is required. The presence of TMD symptoms in a clinical examination or available radiological documentation may indicate it is necessary to expand diagnostic tests and to apply possible interdisciplinary treatment. <b>Discussion.</b> The main objective of treatment to prepare before a surgical procedure is to obtain orthopaedic stability of the stomatognathic system as it allows to limit risk factors of TMD. Results of the majority of studies suggest that orthodontic treatment reduces the intensity of dysfunction symptoms. Moreover, they confirm reduction of pain and partial reduction of acoustic symptoms associated with the temporomandibular joint after interdisciplinary orthodontic and surgical treatment thanks to significant improvement of the functioning of the masticatory organ. <b>Conclusions.</b> When TMD symptoms are observed it is recommended to conduct additional consultations and to consider indications for expanded imaging diagnostic tests and multidisciplinary treatment. An analysis of imaging diagnostic tests with regard to the presence of radiological pathological symptoms that may be risk factors of TMD development is necessary. <b>(Bętkowski B, Walerzak K, Zawadzki P, Czochrowska e. temporomandibular dysfunction in patients with skeletal defects receiving complex orthodontic and surgical treatment. Analysis of the problem based on the literature. Orthod Forum 2017; 13: 167-77)</b>
Authors and Affiliations
Błażej Bętkowski, Konrad Walerzak, Paweł Zawadzki, Ewa Czochrowska
Keywords
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