The Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Nigella sativa on Plasmodium berghei-Infected Mice: An Evaluation of Immune Deviation and Serum Levels of Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ) and Interleukin 4 (IL-4)
Journal Title: Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research - Year 2019, Vol 13, Issue 3
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: In tropical countries, malaria is known as one of the most widespread infectious diseases with an estimated 212 million cases globally. Treatment of malaria has become more difficult when the drug resistance appears against parasites. Therefore, safe and effective new drugs are highly required. Because of simplicity, lower cost, low rate of serious complications, and greater tolerability, traditional medicine is an important source for new drugs. Aim: To evaluate the anti-malaria and immune modulatory effects of Nigella sativa against Plasmodium berghei in vivo. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Parasitology, the Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran during January 2014 to January 2015. N. sativa powder was macerated in methanol and filtered with Bokhner hopper, and solvent was separated in a rotary evaporator. In the result of toxicity test, the 450 mg/kg was determined as maximum dose with minimum toxicity. Antimalarial efficacy and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and Interleukin 4 (IL-4) cytokines level were investigated in five groups of P. berghei-infected BALB/c mice. The percentage of parasitaemia and surveillance were also evaluated. Results: The results of our study showed no toxicity, even at high concentration of herbal extract. A significant reduction in the percentage of parasitaemia was not observed in the treatment group. N. sativa-treated infected mice showed a significant increase in the IFN-γ but not IL-4 serum level, In addition, no higher surveillance was observed in the mice group treated with N. sativa compared to treated mice. Conclusion: Hydroalcoholic extract of N. sativa has the weak efficiency against P. berghei. However, there is requirement to evaluate the immune mechanism and also find the major component of this herbal extract by further studies.
Authors and Affiliations
Khosrow Hazrati Tappeh, Mahmoud Ghaderi, Shahram Seyedi, Peyman Mikaili, Arash Aminpour
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP582595
- DOI 10.7860/JCDR/2019/38186.12681
- Views 104
- Downloads 0
Circulating Protein Carbonyls, Antioxidant Enzymes and Related Trace Minerals among Preterms with Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Introduction: Information about oxidative stress in preterms with Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) is defective, so various researches in this area are required, which may open new roads in understanding the pathogene...
Comparative Study of Knowledge and Awareness about Leprosy among Medical College Students Pre and Post State Leprosy Sensitisation Program in Mewat, Haryana, India
ABSTRACT Introduction: Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease which still remains a serious public health problem causing various disabilities. The prevention of leprosy ultimately lies in the early diagnosis and awaren...
Evaluation of Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes of Induction in Borderline Oligohydramnios at Term
Introduction: Oligohydramnios is described as decreased amniotic fluid volume relative to gestational age. Semiquantitatively it is described using the Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI) which is calculated by adding the depth i...
Clinicopathological Evaluation of 223 Cases of Mature Cystic Teratoma, Ovary: 25-Year Experience in a Single Tertiary Care Centre in India
Introduction: Mature Cystic Teratoma (MCT) is the most common benign neoplasm of the ovary constituting 10-20% of all the ovarian tumours. Although, much has been published about ovarian teratomas, in English literature,...
IL-21: The Future of Medicine
Interleukin-21 (IL-21), a T- cell-derived cytokine, is a signaling molecule secreted by a subpopulation of T cells called follicular T helper (Tfh) cells. Studies have proved that IL-21 co-stimulates T cell proliferation...