Trichloroethylene. Documentation
Journal Title: Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy - Year 2013, Vol 29, Issue 4
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (Tri) is a volatile, colorless liquid with a sweetish odor resembling chloro-form. Tri is mainly used in metal degreasing and as a solvent. Tri vapor is irritating to the eyes, nose, throat (mucous membranes) and skin. Human exposure to Tri results in CNS depression. Headache, dizziness, drowsiness, nausea, unconsciousness and death after exposure to very high concentrations have been observed. High doses of Tri produce hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. After inhalation of Tri by laboratory animals, some adverse effects have been observed in CNS, liver, kidneys and Clara cells in mouse. In vitro studies in mammalian cells suggest that Tri can cause cell transformation, sister chromatid exchange, gene mutations but does not produce chromosomal aberrations. There is limited evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of Tri. The results of cohort studies indicate excessive risk of liver, biliary duct and kidney cancer and excessive risk of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Tri has produced liver tumours in mice after per os exposure as well as tumors at other sites in mice and rats. According to IARC, Tri is probably carcinogenic to humans (group 2A). The results of available studies show no consistent effects of Tri on the human reproductive system. To determine MAC value for Tri neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity were adopted as a critical effect. The Expert Group for Chemicals Agents suggest maintaining the current MAC value of 50 mg/m3. Due to the irritating potential of Tri vapors to CNS, a STEL value of 100 mg/m3 (2 × MAC) has been proposed. It has been also proposed to label the substance with ‘I’ (irritant), Sk (substance can penetrate skin) and „Rakotw. kat. 2” (carcinogen category 2). The current BEI value of 20 mg TCA/l urine is maintained.
Authors and Affiliations
AGNIESZKA JANKOWSKA, KAROLINA BYSTRY, SŁAWOMIR CZERCZAK
Keywords
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