Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes are Independent Favorable Prognostic Indicator in 17-year Disease-Free Survival in Lymph Node-Negative Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patient
Journal Title: Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research - Year 2016, Vol 15, Issue 8
Abstract
Aims: To estimate the prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, among other variables, in triple-negative breast cancer patients with a 17-year disease-free survival. Study Design: A retrospective study of 79 patients was conducted to investigate treatment, and clinical, microscopic and immunohistochemical tumor characteristics. Place and Duration of Study: Pathology Division, National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, between January 1992 and December 1996. Methodology: Histologically diagnosed 79 node-negative triple-negative breast cancer patients underwent partial or total mastectomy with axillary lymphadenectomy, with or without radiotherapy, chemotherapy and/or hormone therapy. Disease-free survival was estimate by the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. Prognostic variables were obtained by Cox regression models. Results: The 17-year disease-free survival was 50.6%. Disease-free survival was worse in patients aged 51-82 years, who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy and had skin compromise, geographic necrosis, grade 3 tumors, had no tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, had vascular/lymphatic invasion, CD44+/CD24-/low and elevated Ki-67. The risk of recurrence and/or metastasis, adjusted for the remaining variables of the final Cox model was 2.44 times higher for patients aged 51-82 years, 2.60 times higher for patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 3.97 times higher for grade 3 tumors and 0.34 times for patients with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Conclusion: The risk of recurrence and/or metastasis, adjusted for the remaining variables of the model, was about 2.5 times higher for older patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In grade 3 tumor patients, the risk increased almost fourfold. Patients with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes had a 66% lower risk, i.e, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were shown to be a protective factor.
Authors and Affiliations
Ana Lucia Amaral Eisenberg, Leila Chimelli, Mirian Carvalho de Souza, Fernanda Maria Braga Marinho, Maria Theresa Accioly, Marcelli Gatto de Brito, Sérgio Koifman, Eliana Abdelhay
Evaluation of the Antiretroviral Therapy Program at Wilkins Hospital in Zimbabwe
Aim: To evaluate the Opportunistic Infection/Anti-Retro-Viral Therapy program at a Referral health facility in Zimbabwe. Methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional study using the logic framework evaluation method f...
Hypertension Prevalence in the US Population Varies with Differences in Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Genotype: A Cross Sectional Study
Background: The prevalence of hypertension (HTN) associated with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) has been studied with indeterminate results. The aim of the study was to prospectively compare the prevalence of HTN...
A Review to Differentiate Acute Kidney Injury from Chronic Kidney Disease
The symptoms and signs of kidney disease are generally nonspecific to the underlying kidney disease. A considerable amount of these patients admit only with elevation in serum urea and creatinine. It is essential to firs...
Effect of HIV Infection and Antiretroviral Therapy on Some Red Cell Enzyme Activities and Coagulation Parameters
Aim: To assess G-6-PD, Pyruvate kinase enzyme activity and some coagulation parameters in HIV positive patients on antiretroviral treatment (ART) and those not on antiretroviral treatments with varying durations of infec...
Biological Post: A Reconstructive Approach to Achieve Aesthetics
Traumatic injuries lead to fracture of anterior teeth, frequently occurs in dentistry and the prevalence rate of fractured anterior teeth, as a result of traumatic injuries, occurs 8.1 in 1000. The fracture of a tooth is...