Up to Date Focus on Prevention in Nutrition
Journal Title: Biomedicine & Prevention - Year 2016, Vol 2016, Issue 0
Abstract
The chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs), including obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, Alzheimer's disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cancer, have had a rapid increase in the last decade, spreading globally as an epidemic infectious. A common determinants of CNCDs development is undoubtedly food habit, in qualitative and quantitative terms, resulting in a significant impact not only on the quality of life, but also on the economy, for the costs individual, social and health. Furthermore, dietary habits constitute a major factor influencing the diversity of the human gut microbiota and recent studies indicate that there is a link between gut microbiota and inflammatory disease, and metabolic syndromes such as obesity and diabetes. If we want to block the onset of CNCDs, related to nutrition transition, seen as a global phenomenon, it is necessary to utilize new tools and predictive biomarkers for identifying the risk factors, grouping them based on metabolic factors, body composition and genetic profiles. By doing so you can switch to a new forms of care, from a standby medicine that treats the symptoms to a medicine that predicts the risk and prevents the disease, the so called Predictive, Personalized, Preventive and Participatory (P4) medicine. This change is easily applicable to the field of nutrition, and can lead to the development of new methods for diagnosis and personalized dietary intervention, on the basis of genetic makeup (nutrigenetic and nutrigenomic assessment), metabolic profile (clinical and biochemical assessment), body composition and energy expenditure (nutritional status assessment). New strategies to improve well-being should be planned considering phenotype, metabolism, and the microbiota together, with the aim of identifying in advance the possibility of onset of the disease in vulnerable individuals that would therefore benefit from a variety of more personalized dietary recommendations.
Authors and Affiliations
Laura Di Renzo, Antonio De Lorenzo
Keywords
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