Water Purification by a Micelle-Clay Composite Alone and its Collaboration with other Technologies
Journal Title: Open Access Journal of Waste Management & Xenobiotics - Year 2019, Vol 2, Issue 1
Abstract
Removal of chemicals and pathogenic microorganisms by filtration may provide safe drinking water, and decrease the risk from harmful disinfection by products. Micelle-clay complexes produced have a relatively large surface area, large hydrophobic fractions, and are positively charged to about half of the cation exchange capacity of the clay. Their material characteristics differ from those of organo-clays of the same composition, which are formed by adsorption of cations as monomers. Granulated micelle-clay composites (0.4 to 2mm) formed by the organic cation ODTMA (Octadecyltrimethylammonium), removed efficiently from water by filtration chemicals, such as herbicides, and dissolved organic matter, pharmaceuticals, perchlorate, and microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses and a parasite, such as crytosporidium. Bacteria removed included (a) Escherichia coli S-17; (b) total bacteria count (TBC); and (c) Cyanobacteria (Microcystis and Aphanizomenon). A model which considered convection, adsorption, and desorption simulated the filtration results and yielded predictions. The emphasis in this minireview is on collaboration of this technology with other procedures, which may enhance treated water quality and reduce the costs of treatment. Thus a new approach intends to utilize both filtration and biocidal/biostatic activity of free cations in removal of microorganisms from water. A two stage purification of greywater by a moving bed reactor followed by a micelle-clay filter yielded an order of magnitude increase in the capacity of the filter. Water purification by filtration followed by solar photocatalysis enabled removal of recalcitrant molecules and indicator bacteria from secondary treated wastewater, thus yielding high quality water for irrigation. Other examples are reduction of membrane fouling of UF membranes and a suggested reduction of fouling of RO membranes by a pretreatment by the micelle-clay filter, or its combination with granulated activated carbon filter.
Authors and Affiliations
Shlomo Nir
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP592234
- DOI 10.23880/oajwx-16000118
- Views 84
- Downloads 0
Mathematical Modeling to Evaluate and Select the Best Coagulant in drinking Water Treatment, Using Multi-Attribute Group Decision Making
Urbanization, population growth, and changing the social attitude toward water consumption has increased the drinking water demand. Coagulation is one of the essential processes in drinking water treatment plants in whic...
Preparation and Characterization of Water-soluble Acrylic Pressure Sensitive Adhesive
In order to evaluate the adhesion performance, tack, peel strength, shear strength, and water solubility of pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA), we prepared PSA copolymers using 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate (2-EHA), butyl acryla...
Understanding the Concept of Sustainable Development for Effective Solid Waste Management: Malaysia Perspective
Malaysia’s economy has experience a change of dependence on the agricultural sector to the industrial sector. This rapid economic change has been supported by the phenomenon of globalization. As a result, the culture and...
Community-Based and Integrated Solid Waste Management: Experiences from Metro Manila’s Tondo District
An improper solid waste management system creates serious negative impacts both on the environment and on human health. This article analyses as case study the urban main reality of Philippines, Metro Manila, focusing sp...
Global Perspectives on Regulatory Measures and Collection Procedures for Electronic Waste: A Critical Assessment
Extensive usage, new designs, rapid upgrades and short life-spans of electronic devices has resulted in ever growing generation of electronic waste (e-waste) worldwide. Burgeoning volumes of e-waste are becoming a global...