Concentration of cadmium, arsenic, and lead in rice (Oryza sativa) and probabilistic health risk assessment: A case study in Hormozgan province, Iran
Journal Title: Environmental Health Engineering and Management Journal - Year 2021, Vol 8, Issue 2
Abstract
Background: The presence of toxic heavy metals in cereal grains like rice is one of the main human and environmental health concerns. Their importance is because of their non-biodegradability nature, high half-time, and bioaccumulation ability in the human body. Among heavy metals, cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As) are most critical, so their concentrations in rice were evaluated in this study. Methods: In this study, the concentration of Cd and Pb was determined by graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrometer (GF-AAS), while the concentration of As was measured by atomic spectrum poll after acid digestion of the milled rice samples. The probabilistic health risk assessment of Cd, As, and Pb through consumption of different types of rice including local rice and two types imported from India (IND) and Pakistan (PAK), was estimated for the adults in Hormozgan province using Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) technique. Results: It was revealed that the concentrations of all Cd, As, and Pb in the local rice samples were lower than those in the PAK and IND samples. The average concentration of As, Pb, and Cd in the rice samples were 0.045, 0.057, and 0.022 mg/kg, respectively. The estimated total target hazard quotient (TTHQ) for this population was lower than 1, representing negligible non-carcinogenic risk through rice consumption. However, total carcinogenic risk (TCR) via As intake showed a considerable carcinogenic risk (TCR > 1E-4) for this population. Conclusion: According to the results, it is necessary to perform continuous monitoring for concentration of Cd, As, and Pb especially in the imported rice samples.
Authors and Affiliations
Leila Rezaei, Vali Alipour, Parisa Sharafi , Hamidreza Ghaffari, Amene Nematollahi, Vida Pesarakloo, Yadolah Fakhri
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP695560
- DOI 10.34172/EHEM.2021.10
- Views 122
- Downloads 0
Health and safety hazards identification and risk assessment in the swimming pools using combined HAZID and ALARP
Background: Swimming pools are recreation and sport sites where the lack of safety and health can have severe adverse effect on public health. This study aimed to identify and assess health and safety risks using HAZID...
Evaluation of groundwater vulnerability to pollution using DRASTIC, composite DRASTIC, and nitrate vulnerability models
Background: Groundwater protection against pollution is a very important issue. Groundwater vulnerability maps are useful tools for protecting aquifers and assessing the potential for contamination. Therefore, the purp...
Association between short-term exposure to high-level particulate matter (PM1, PM2.5, and PM10) of smoke Peganum harmala seeds with blood pressure: A quasi-experimental study
Background: Air pollution is considered one of the most important causes of premature deaths. The part of indoor pollution investigated is related to people’s culture and behavior. Burning Peganum harmala seeds (called...
Effect of coagulation and sonication on the dissolved air flotation (DAF) process for thickening of biological sludge in wastewater treatment
Background: Dissolved air floatation (DAF) is one of the methods has been used for the sludge thickening in wastewater treatment plants. This study aimed to investigate the effects of coagulation and sonication process...
First isolation of biodegradable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Mycobacterium porcinum and Mycobacterium celeriflavum from oil-polluted ecosystems
Background: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have detrimental effects on human, ecosystem, and biodiversity. Bioremediation is an option that has been used to remediate and reduce the risk of contaminants such as...