Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Pituitary-Hypothalamic Region in the Patients with Central Diabetes Insidpidus
Journal Title: Postępy Nauk Medycznych - Year 2013, Vol 26, Issue 11
Abstract
Introduction. Central diabetes insipidus (DI) is a disease characterized by polyuria and polydipsia resulting from various pathologic processes and lesions destroying hypothalamus pituitary stalk or neurohypophysis that impair vasopressin synthesis or secretion. Making the proper diagnosis and finding the DI etiology is sometimes challenging and magnetic resonance (MR) evaluation could be a helpful tool.Aim. We intended to investigate the prevalence and causes of DI and to analyse the MRI results in patients hospitalized at the Department of Endocrinology in Bielański Hospital during last year.Material and methods. We performed a retrospective review of the medical data of patients hospitalized in the Department of Endocrinology in Bielański Hospital during last year searching for those with the diagnosis of DI. We collected data on the age, sex, causes of DI, disease duration, results of hormonal and biochemic tests and applied treatment and we evaluated the results of pituitary-hypothalamic region.Results. Among 1724 patients hospitalized in our Department, 37 (2.15%) had DI and only 9 patients had new-onset polyuria and polydipsia (0.5%). Majority of patients had concurrent hypopituitarism (67.5%) and the most frequent cause of DI was prior surgical treatment for large sellar or parasellar tumours. Idiopatic DI was found only in 2 cases. The most consistent finding on MR images was the loss of posterior pituitary bright spot. Other abnormalities such as pituitary stalk thickening, tumours and empty sella were commonly detected.Conclusions. DI was a rare clinical condition in our patients. In most cases detailed medical history, physical examination and MR of pituitary-hypothalamic region allowed to find its etiology. We observed less cases of idiopathic DI than it was described in the literature and majority of studied group had DI secondary to prior neurosurgical treatment for large sellar and parasellar tumours.
Authors and Affiliations
Izabela Czajka-Oraniec, Maria Stelmachowska-Banaś, Wojciech Zgliczyński
Keywords
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