Phonetic adaptation of german borrowings in Ukrainian dialects of Transcarpathia
Journal Title: Актуальні питання гуманітарних наук: Міжвузівський збірник наукових праць молодих вчених Дрогобицького державного педагогічного університету - Year 2016, Vol 16, Issue
Abstract
Borrow ing of words from one language into another is a natural consequence of cross-language contacts since no culture in the world develops in isolation, secluded from other cultures. Interet hnic cultural relations and their linguistic expression are reÀ ected primarily in dialectal borrowings of languages co-functioning in one area. The dialects of Ukrainian, Hungarian, German, Romanian, Slovak and other languages have interacted in Transcarpathia for a long time, generating considerable scienti¿ c interest. Despite numerous works devoted to the problems of cross-language contacts, the issues of phonetic adaptation of German borrowings in Ukrainian dialects of Transcarpathia have not found their thorough elucidation presupposing the relevance of this study. The his tory of inhabiting Transcarpathia by Germans and Austrians has nearly a tercentenary timespan. As a result of their contact with the local population during most of the period, there have been substantial assimilation processes in everyday life, culture and, above all, in language since cross-language contacts are an integral part of inter-ethnic contacts in general. The aim of the article is the analysis of phonetic changes in German borrowings adapted to the Ukrainian dialects of Transcarpathia. These borrowings generally constitute commonly used notions of human existence, the names of everyday objects (clothing, food, furniture, tools, etc.) and proper names. The an alysis of the conducted research indicates that German borrowings, which entered the Ukrainian dialects of Transcarpathia at different times and in different ways (by oral and written means via various of¿ cial documents, military orders, books, etc.) are completely or partially adapted to the phoneticphonological system of these dialects. Since U krainian and German belong to unrelated languages, there emerged the need to adjust borrowings with the German etymon to phonetic regulations of the Ukrainian language (in our case to Ukrainian dialects of Transcarpathia), which has found its manifestation in the following: the loss of a rough glide in vowels, voicing of consonants, monophthongisation of diphthongs, dissimilation of r-r to ɪ-ɥ, conveyance of German pf in Ukrainian dialects of Transcarpathia by means of ɩ or ɮ, g – by means of ʉ or ɝ, etc. Among th e German borrowings in the Ukrainian dialects of Transcarpathia we have attested the phenomenon of metathesis – the transposition of sounds or syllables in a word: Germ. Durchschlag – Ukr. lit. ɞɪɭɲɥɹɤ – Ukr. dial. ɞɪɭ(ɢ)ɲɥɹɤ, Germ. Kohlrabi – Ukr. lit. ɤɨɥɶɪɚɛɿ – Ukr. dial. ɤɨɥɨ(ɚ)ɪɚɛɚ, Germ. Teller – Ukr. lit. ɬɚɪɿɥɤɚ – Ukr. dial. ɬɚɪɿ(ɸ)ɥ, etc. It is worth noting that a considerable number of German borrowings entered Ukrainian dialects of Transcarpathian mediated by the Hungarian and Slovak languages, which to some extent also affected the pronunciation of sounds in words borrowed with the German etymon.
Authors and Affiliations
Olha HVOZDYAK
Keywords
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