The Relationship between Ethics and Human Rights in the Thought of Richard Rorty
Journal Title: The Journal of Human Rights - Year 2015, Vol 9, Issue 1
Abstract
In general, two theories or school of thoughts had been prevailed in modern moral philosophies until recently. Ethical school of thought of "task-oriented", in which the emphasis is on the nature of the action. At first, this school of thought was considered by Immanuel Kant. Accordingly, doing or will to do every action should be such that become a universal moral law. In contrast, another ethical school of thought known as "utilitarianism ethics" was introduced by Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. Here, we give priority to those moral actions that can bring the greatest happiness for most people. In three or four recent decades, coinciding with the linguistic and cognitive turn, which has become known as the transition from positivism to post-positivism, another challenge has been raised in discussing philosophy of ethics by Richard Rorty which is related to his claim regarding the requirements of the current multiple world. This claim can make a new relation between morality and human rights. Hence, the main hypothesis of this paper is to clarify the point that Rorty has raised his claim by combining the theory of pragmatism and postmodern Ethics. To prove this hypothesis, this article has been set in two sections, in the first section in order to become familiar with Rorty's creed-breaker thought, the foundations of the philosophy of ethics is discussed. In the second section and under the discussion of ethics based on the rights of human, some of its characteristics will be analyzed. This article has been prepared by a descriptive method through the content analysis of various works of Rorty. Theoretical support for this article is a critical-normative approach. چکیده به طور کلی در فلسفه‌های اخلاق مدرن تا این اواخر دو نگره یا مکتب حاکم بوده است. مکتب اخلاق «وظیفه‌گرا»که در آن بر ماهیت کنش تأکید می‌شود. این مکتب ابتدا از سوی ایمانوئل کانت مورد توجه قرار گرفت. بر این اساس، انجام یا خواست هر عمل باید به گونه‌ای باشد که به یک قانون اخلاقی جهانشمول تبدیل شود. در مقابل مکتب اخلاقی دیگری از سوی جرمی بنتهام و جان استوارت میل با عنوان«اخلاق فایده‌گرا» مطرح شد. در اینجا ما آن کنش‌های اخلاقی را در اولویت قرار می‌دهیم که بتواند بیشترین خوشبختی را برای بیشترین مردم به همراه آورد. سه چهار دهة اخیر و همزمان با چرخش زبانی و معرفتی که تحت عنوان گذار از اثبات‌گرایی به فرااثبات‌گرایی مشهور شده، چالش دیگری در بحث فلسفة اخلاق از جانب ریچارد رورتی، مطرح شده که به ادعای وی مبتنی بر استلزامات جهان متکثر کنونی است. این دعوی می‌تواند نسبت جدیدی میان اخلاق و حقوق بشر ایجاد کند. از این رو مفروضة اصلی مقالة حاضر این است که رورتی این ادعا را با ترکیب نظریة پراگماتیسم و اصل رخدادی بودن معرفت و اخلاق پسامدرن مطرح کرده است. به منظور اثبات فرضیه، مقاله در دو بخش تنظیم شده است؛ در بخش نخست به منظور آشنایی با اندیشة آیین‌شکن رورتی، بنیادهای فلسفة اخلاق به بحث گذاشته می‌شود. در بخش دوم و ذیل بحث اخلاق مبتنی بر حقوق انسانی، برخی ویژگی‌های آن مورد واکاوی قرار خواهد گرفت. .مقالة حاضر به روش توصیفی و با تحلیل محتوایی آثار مختلف رورتی به نگارش در آمده است. پشتوانة نظری مقاله رهیافت انتقادی - هنجاری است.
Authors and Affiliations
Mohammad Taghi Qezelsofla
Keywords
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