UKRAINIAN TERMONOGRAFICAL CRITICISM: FROM ORIGIN TO MODERN TIMES
Journal Title: Scientific journal «International Journal of Philology» - Year 2018, Vol 1, Issue 292
Abstract
The important role of dictionary of terms is defined; this is the preservation and transfer of the scientific fund of terms from generation to generation, which determines the necessity of critical examination of each particular edition. The topicality and significance of the problem of terminographical criticism formation as an independent direction of terminology is substantiated. The purpose of the study is to trace the features of the formation of terminographical criticism as a component of terminology. To achieve this purpose such tasks are set: to highlight the criteria for special dictionaries evaluation, develop an algorithm for special editions reviewing, analyze the texts of reviews on dictionaries of terms in order to determine the trends in the development and formation of terminographical criticsism from the origin to modern times. The following methods are used in the article: a descriptive method (for the systematization of criteria for the evaluation of dictionaries of specific fields), a method of lexicographical analysis (to analyze dictionaries, define and characterize their parameters), a comparative method (to compare the parameters of terminographic work to determine the conformity with the declared type of dictionary), the method of quantitative analysis (to determine the quantitative expression of parameters, in particular, to find out the periodicity of their usage in the dictionary). The structure of terminology as an independent section of lexicography is proposed. The choice of terminological criticism as a separate subfield of terminology is substantiated. The methodological basis of the special criticism of dictionaries - subject, objects, methods, tasks, functions, and main genre (review) is outlined. The criteria for the evaluation of the parameters of the dictionary of terms, performed on the basis of the scientific genre of the review are distinguished. The main criteria for the analyses of the dictionary of specific fields are: 1) the criterion for assessing the concept of the dictionary; 2) the criterion for assessing the amount of information in the edition; 3) the criterion for assessing the quality of information in the dictionary; 4) the criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of information representation in a special edition; 5) the criterion of establishing the scientific value of the dictionary. Additional criteria are the criterion of the dictionary relevance to the user’s requests and the criterion of inheritance of lexicographic traditions –which allow us to determine whether specific edition is oriented to the needs of readers, and to find out if the best experience of creating the dictionaries of terms was taken into account during its development. A step-by-step algorithm for the analysis of a specific dictionary has been made, the essence of which is to compare the mega-, macro- and microstructures of the terminographic editions with regard to the correspondence or non-correspondence to the above-selected criteria for the evaluation of works of this type. On the material of the texts analyzed it was established that the origins of terminographic criticism date back to the 1920-s. It is revealed that the task of critical evaluation of the dictionaries of that period was to establish the relevance to the theoretical grounds of the special vocabulary normalization, to take into account the criteria for its selection and ordering, and first of all to establish the correspondence of the terminology described to the linguistic norm. In general, from the 30's to the 90's of the XX-th century. special editions were analyzed primarily by the criterion of the work correspondence to the proper scientific level and by the criterion of compliance with the linguistic norms (taking into account the tendencies of the linguistic policy of that time - the maximum approximation in terms creation to Russian models), moreover, the number of critical articles on dictionaries of terms is insignificant, that is explained by the suspension of editing works of this type. It is found out that the tendencies of criticism of special dictionary products (from the 20's of the 20th century to the beginning of the 21st century) are due to the effect of the language and national policy of the country for almost 100 years. It is noteworthy that the tendency of the evaluation of terms in dictionaries according to the criterion of compliance with linguistic norms, which is caused by changes in the principles of terminology (the 1920-s - orientation to national models, from the 30's to the early 90's of the XX-th century - the eradication of genetic roots of the language), and, accordingly, ununiformed and uncontrollable Ukrainian terminology, violation of norms, the usage of calques which are being eradicated to this day. It is proved that terminographic criticism is an independent scientific part of terminology, which has undergone a complex and long path of formation. The revealed tendencies of dictionaries of terms criticism from the origin to modern times, the usage of the characteristic criteria of the parameters of different levels of edition structures show the formation of a system of approaches for the analysis of special editions. Criticism of terminographic works is an integral part of terminology with its own methodological principles and theoretical basis. The priority task of special criticism is defined: it is the development of a unified set of criteria for the evaluation of terminological editions and the algorithm of their analyses in order to create an invariant dictionary and improve the terminographic theory and practice. A promising direction for further research is to define genre-style specificity of reviews on dictionaries of terms.
Authors and Affiliations
T Petrova
Keywords
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